虚拟语气的用法

一．   含义：表示与事实相反或者实现的可能性微乎其微、几乎为零或者表示一种坚持、命令、要求和建议或者在固定句型中等。

二．   分类：一般虚拟语气和特殊虚拟语气。

三．   用法：

⒈一般虚拟语气的用法

  ㈠遵循的原则：

对一般现在时虚拟用一般过去时

         对一般过去时虚拟用过去完成时

         对过去完成时虚拟用过去完成时

         对一般将来时虚拟用过去将来时

              ……

㈡表现形式：

⑴条件句中的虚拟语气。

eg:If he were indoors,he wouldn’t feel cold.

⑵wish后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

eg:①I wish I were a bird.     ②I wish she had taken my advice.

⑶would rather后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

eg:①I’d rather you paid the money yourself. ②I’d rather she hadn’t done that.

⑷If only（要是……就好了；但愿）+句子中的虚拟语气。

eg:If only I were a flying bird.

   If only I had seen the film.

   If only Mr. Wang were here now,you would not be punished.

⑸as if/though，even if/though从句中的虚拟语气。（注：在as if引导的从句中，如果从句所说的内容是真实的或可能是真实的，应用真实语气；如果从句所说的内容与事实相反或非真实情况，应用虚拟语气。）

eg:①He talks as if he knew all about it.

 ②Even if he were here,he couldn’t solve the problem.

  ③He talks as if he were drunk.

⑹含蓄虚拟条件句：介词短语without、but for、otherwise等可替代虚拟条件句，表达虚拟语气。

注：在对be(am/is/are)动词虚拟时，一律用were来表示。

eg:①But for your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

   ②She wasn’t feeling well,otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.

⒉特殊虚拟语气的用法

  ㈠遵循的原则：从句一般用（should）+v原形来表示。

    ㈡表现形式：

⑴一坚定二命令三要求四建议，后跟特殊虚拟语气作宾语。（注：insist如果坚持的是一种事实时，应用真实语气；如果坚持的是一种主张时，应用虚拟语气。suggest如果意为“暗示，表明”时，从句应用真实语气。）注：这些动词所对应的名词形式也需用特殊虚拟语气。另外，对应的名词形名词idea等所构成的从句中也应该用虚拟语气。

eg:①He insisted that we (should) take our teacher’s advice.

②The manager demanded that Tom (should) finish it in a week.

③I suggest that you (should) have enough sleep.

④My idea is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it together.

⑤Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off.

⑵在句型“It’s important/necessary/essential/vital/proper/right/impossible/strange/natural/a pity/a shame/a surprise/an honor+that从句。”中，that从句要用特殊虚拟语气。

eg:It’s very important that we (should) think before we decide.

但在句型“It’s strange(surprising/unthinkable,etc) +that从句”中，should常译为“竟然”，表示一种不可思议的状况。

eg:It’s surprising that you (should) waste so much time.

⒊虚拟语气的特殊用法

  ⑴在“It’s (high)time +that从句”中，that从句可用一般虚拟语气或特殊虚拟语气（should不可省），但二者同时出现时，一般虚拟语气优先使用。

eg: It’s (high)time that he got rid of his bad habit.

⑵if在虚拟条件句中的倒装。

   eg:If he came tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

     =If he should come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

     =Should he come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

     =If he were to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

  =Were he to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

     ⑶在in case that (以免，免得),lest(唯恐，免得),for fear that ,in order that,so that等引导的目的状语从句

     中，that从句要用情态动词(could/might/would/should)+V原形,表示虚拟。

     ⑷混合虚拟条件句：

 当条件从句与主句所表示的时间并不一致，变为虚拟语气时，可根据它们各自的时态进行变化。

 eg:①If I had married her,I would be happy now.

   ②If you had taken my advice then,you wouldn’t be in trouble now.

③Bring some more money in case you (should) use it later.

 ⑸had hoped/planned/wanted/expected to do “本希望/计划/想要/期望……”，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。

 eg:①I had hoped to take his advice.But I didn’t.

    ②The boy had meant to come in, but the teacher refused him.

     ⑹在句式“主句主语+vt+that+从句主语+(should) do.”其中主句谓语动词主语urge(极力主张),prefer(宁

     愿),desire(请求),maintain(主张),direct(指导)及以上这些动词所对应的其他形式要用虚拟语气。

    eg:She preferred that nobody should come to see her.

1 He suggested that the meeting _________ put off.

A. not be          B. should not          C. wouldn’t         D. be not

2 What would have happened if you __________ her child?

A. hadn’t helped         B. couldn’t help         C. wouldn’t help        D. didn’t help

3 It is strange that he __________ so.

A. thinks       B. think       C. thought      D. will think

4 If I ________ with her last summer, I ________ with her now.

A. worked…am getting on very well            B. had worked…would get on very well

C. had worked… would have got on very well    D. had worked…will get on very well

5 I wish I _________ my uncle yesterday.

A. met       B. have met        C. would meet         D. had met

6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment _________ before 6.

A. was finished      B. will finish       C. be finished       D. shall be finished

7 It’s high time he __________ home.

A. goes         B. went            C. will go       D. is going to go

8 ___________ you succeed and __________ you be healthy.

A. May…may       B. Wish…wish       C. Hope…hope      D. Should…may

9 Galileo insisted that the earth __________ round the sun.

A. should move      B. move           C. moves          D.A or B

10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I ___________ to the meeting.

A. came       B. would come      C. had come         D. would have come

11 Supposing the weather _________ bad, where would they go?

A. will be         B. is          C. were          D. be

12 ________ your letter, I would have started off two days ago.

A. If I received     B. Should I receive    C. If I could have received    D. Had I received

13 If only I _________ to my parents’ advice!

A. listening         B. listen            C. am listening        D. had listened

14 If it _________ rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.

A. should           B. could           C. would              D. might

15 ---Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday?

   ----I _________, but an unexpected visitor came to see me.

A. did          B. would           C. had             D. was going to

16 I’d rather you __________ me the news.

A. not tell       B. not to tell        C. didn’t tell         D. hadn’t told

17 I ___________ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.

A. would have hoped      B. was hoping       C. had hoped      D. hoped

18 His silence at the meeting suggested that he _________ to your plan.

A. shouldn’t agree      B. wouldn’t agree     C. hadn’t agreed       D. didn’t agree

19 He ________ the job well, but he __________ so careless.

A. hadn’t done, had been                   B. could have done, was

C. could do, was                          D. had done, had been

20 Li Ling acted that way as though he _________ a foreigner.

A. were          B. had been            C. should be          D. is